|
''See also Weak inflection'' In the Icelandic language, nouns are considered weak, if they fulfill the following conditions: Masculines: :The nominative singular ends in ''-i'', the other singular cases end in ''-a'' or ''-ja''. :The noun is derived from the present participle of a verb, in which case the plural ends in ''-ur'' (but the singular follows the ''-i-a'' rule). An example of the latter is ''nemandi'' (''student''), plural ''nemendur''. The words ''bóndi'' (''farmer'') and ''fjandi'' (''enemy'' or the ''devil'' or a ''demon'') belong to this class with some irregularities. The plural of ''bóndi'' is ''bændur''. ''Fjandi'' has two plurals, depending on the meaning. If it means an enemy, the plural is ''fjendur'' (note the retention of ''je''). If it means a demon, the plural is ''fjandar''. Exceptions do exist, for instance ''Grikki'' (''Greek''), plural ''Grikkir''. The same applies to '' Tyrki'' (''Turk'') plural ''Tyrkir''. Both, incidentally, end in ''-ja'' in the oblique cases (''Grikkja'' is the accusative, dative and genitive for one Greek). Feminines: :The nominative singular ends in ''-a'', the other singular cases end in ''-u''. :The singular ends in ''-i'' in all cases. (If there is a plural, it may end in either ''-ir'' or ''-ar''.) Neuters: :They end in ''-a'' in the singular in all cases. The plural ends in ''-u'' (but the genitive plural in ''-na'') without further alterations with the exception of ''hjarta'' (''heart'') which becomes ''hjörtu'' in the plural through u-umlaut. The genitive plural, however is ''hjartna'' showing a-breaking instead of u-breaking. Some borrowings may exhibit similar behaviour, e.g, singular ''drama'', plural ''drömu''. Most of these are words for organs. An almost exhaustive list follows: :auga (eye) :bjúga (a type of sausage) :eista (testicle) :eyra (ear) :hjarta (heart) :hnoða (a woollen ball, most often encountered in fairy-tales) :lunga (lung) :milta (spleen) :nýra (kidney) Then there are a small number of borrowings like ''firma'', ''drama'', ''þema'' etc. none of which require translation. == See also == *Strong noun *Icelandic language 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「weak noun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|